SUFFIX - ING
GERUND X PRESENT PARTICIPLE
Gerund e Present Participle têm a forma em -ING. O que os diferencia é a função. O primeiro tem função de substantivo (sujeito ou objeto), e o segundo, além de verbo, pode ter função de adjetivo. Depois de preposição é obrigatório o uso de gerund, o gerund tem a função de objeto da preposição.
e.g.:
Uso do suffix - ING - Gerund
He is interested in buying the car. (buying = objeto da preposição- ING = GERUND). in=preposição
After reading the book, he also saw a film.
prep. (reading = objeto da preposição = GERUND)
Singing is a pleasure. (Singing = sujeito - ING = GERUND)
My hobby is swimming.(swimming = substantivo - ING = GERUND)
Uso do suffix - ING - Present Participle
The actor's performance was very interesting. (interesting = adjetivo) comes from the verb to interest.
I watched a fascinating movie. (fascinating = adjetivo) comes from the verb to fascinate. (THE FUNCTION OF -ING IS PRESENT PARTICIPLE)
Quando o verbo principal for conjugado em Continuous-Progressive a função do ING é de present partticple.
I am doing a test accurately. (tense= Present Continuous) (THE FUNCTION
pres.participle OF -ING IS PRESENT PARTICIPLE)
They were writing beautiful poems. (tense = Past Continuous) (THE FUNCTION OF -ING IS PRESENT PARTICIPLE)
PRESENT CONTINUOUS-PROGRESSIVE TENSE
ESTRUTURA:
SUJEITO + VERBO TO BE NO SIMPLE PRESENT (AM, IS, ARE) + VERBO PRINCIPAL + ING.(affirmative or negative am not, is not, are not)
e.g.: You are reading a lesson now.
Situações que usamos o Present Continuous:
1) Para expressar que estão ocorrendo no momento da fala. A ação tem início antes do momento da fala, continua no momento da fala e provavelmente continuará depois da fala.
Ø My mom is still sleeping.
Ø Are you doing your homework now¿
Ø I need an umbrella because it is raining.
2) Quando nos referimos a um fato que está acontecendo no período (semana, mês, ano) em que se fala,não necessariamente naquele exato momento.
Ø I am reading an interesting book.
Ø Is your cousin working for IBM¿
Ø My sister is studying at Miami University.
3) Para descrever uma situação que está se alterando no momento ou na época em que se fala.
Ø The sky is getting cloudy.
Ø The price of gasoline is going up again.
4) Para descrever ações que se repetem ou que ocorrem com frequência. Nesse caso, temos o advérbio always (sempre), que se posiciona entre o verbo to be e o verbo principal.
Ø She is always complaining about her children.
Ø Tom is always telling the same jokes.
Ø With inflation, prices are always rising !
5) Para nos referirmos a ações futuras planejadas ou previstas.
Ø Hurry up! The bus is leaving in a few minutes.
Ø Next year, we are spending our vacation at the seashore.
Ø She is leaving for London tomorrow.
VERBOS QUE, NORMALMENTE, NÃO SÃO USADOS NOS CONTINUOUS-PROGRESSIVE TENSES EM INGLÊS, MUITO EMBORA SEJAM USADOS NA LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA.
ü verbos dos sentidos: hear (ouvir), taste (saborear), smell (cheirar), see (ver).
· I hear a strange noise outside.
· This fish smells bad.
NEVER: I am hearing... or This fish is smelling....
ü verbos que envolvem atividade mental: know, believe, think, understand, recognize, remember, forget, mean.
- I don't remember your name.
- I know about your feats.
NEVER: I am not remembering...... or I am knowing......
ü verbos que significam posse: have, own, possess, belong.
· He has a car.
· That belongs to me.
· They own that big house.
NEVER: He is having a car. or That is belonging.... or They are owning.....
mas: to have breakfast, lunch, dinner (apesar de ter o verbo HAVE tem outro significado= tomar café da manhã, almoçar, jantar) e a regra do ING é aplicada.
ü verbos que exprimem opinião, sentimento ou desejo: want, prefer, need, appreciate, like, dislike, love, hate, detest, seem, look like.
· She needs some money.
· I like seafood dishes.
· He looks like with dad as more as time goes by.
· We want good news.
NEVER: She is needing..... I am liking..... He is looking like.... He is wanting....
RECUPERAÇÃO -EXTRA MATERIAL: EXERCISES AND EXPLANATION
RECUPERAÇÃO -EXTRA MATERIAL: EXERCISES AND EXPLANATION
http://www.englishtenseswithcartoons.com/tenses/present_continuous
http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-32160.php
http://www.englishquestions.co.uk/exercise.aspx?ID=28
http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-32160.php
http://www.englishquestions.co.uk/exercise.aspx?ID=28
