1º TRIMESTRE 2012 - 3ºs ANOS

PASSIVE VOICE

A voz passiva é um recurso utilizado quando queremos enfatizar a ação e não quem a fez (agente). É ainda utilizado quando o agente não for relevante.

Na passagem da voz ativa para a voz passiva ocorrem as seguintes transformações:
a) O objeto da voz ativa torna-se o sujeito da voz passiva.

b) O verbo TO BE (sempre constante na voz passiva) é usado no tempo em que estiver o verbo principal na voz ativa.

c) O verbo principal da voz ativa é sempre usado  no particípio passado na voz passiva.

d) Quando o sujeito da voz ativa for um subject pronoun ( I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they), o agente da passiva correspondente a ele será um object pronoun (me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them).

TENSE	ACTIVE VOICE	PASSIVE VOICE
Simple Present	He lends money.	Money is lent by him.
Simple Past	He lent money.	Money was lent by him.
Simple Future	He will lend money.	Money will be lent by him.
Present Continuous	She is lending money.	Money is being lent by her.
Past Continuous	She was lending money.	Money was being lent by her.
Immediate Future	We are going to lend money.	Money is going to be lent by us.
Present Perfect	We have lent money.	Money has been lent by us.
Past Perfect	They had lent money.	Money had been lent by them.
Conditional	You would lend money.	Money would be lent by you.
Conditional Perfect	You would have lent money.	Money would have been lent by you.

VOZ PASSIVA COM DOIS OBJETOS (INDIRETO E DIRETO)

Quando o verbo da oração na voz ativa for transitivo direto e indireto, haverá duas formas de transformar essa oração para a voz passiva:

Active voice: They give this right to you.

(this right - direct object) (you - indirect object)

Passive voice 1: This right is given to you.
Passive voice 2: You are given this right.

O agente da passiva, neste caso, geralmente é omitido. Exemplo:

She asked a question to him.

Passive voice 1: A question was asked to him.
Passive voice 2: He was asked a question.

Verbos mais comuns que apresentam dois objetos: answer, ask, call, give, make, pay, promise, refuse, send, show, teach, offer

Voz passiva com PHRASAL VERBS:
Ø The man would cut off Antonio's hair. (active voice)
Ø Antonio's hair would be cut off (by the man). (passive voice)

Ø The jury is listening to Portia attentively.(active voice)
Ø Portia is being listened to attentively by the jury.(passive voice)

= No inglês informal usamos o 'get' em vez do 'be' quando algo aconteceu, acontece, acontecerá ... a alguem ou a alguma coisa.


e.g.: There was an accident but nobody got hurt.
        The cat always gets scared when the dog barks.


VERBO TO BEAR (nascer, dar a luz, parir, gerar)
Nomalmente utilizamos o verbo 'bear' na Passive Voice.
e.g.: I was born in 1980.  They were born in Italy.
        Many babies are born in this hospital every day.


Notice:
1. Quando o agente da voz passiva em uma oração isolada não for mencionado e tivermos de passar esta oração para a voz ativa, deveremos empregar um sujeito:

Passive voice: Those ships were destroyed.
Active voice: Somebody - Someone - Something destroyed those ships.

Passive voice: That castle was built in 1580.
Active voice: Somebody-Someone-They built that castle in 1580.

2. A voz passiva é usada também em algumas expressões comuns da língua inglesa:

Active voice: People say that he is rich.

Passive voice: It is said that he is rich.

Passive voice: He is said to be rich.

Active voice: Everybody thinks that she sings well.

Passive voice: It is thought that she sings well.

Passive voice: She is thought to sing well.

Active voice: They suppose that we help the poor.

Passive voice: It is supposed that we help the poor.

Passive voice: We are supposed to help the poor.