3ºS ANOS - 1º TRIMESTRE 2012 (explanation and videos)

VOCÊ SABIA QUE A PRONÚNCIA DO ED AO FINAL DOS VERBOS REGULARES NÃO TEM SOM DE ED ?

http://youtu.be/zh_DM7qJGWoPronunciation







Vamos trabalhar um pouco com a fonética!!!!!

Regrinhas de pronúncia do ED para você pronunciar direitinho em inglês o verbo no Simple Past:

1) todo verbo terminado em [ t ] , [ d ] = o som do ED é [íd]
Example: to fit = fitted você falará  [fitíd]

2) todo verbo terminado em [ p ],[ k ],[ f ],[ x ],[ ss ],[ sh ],[ ch ]=o som do ED é de [ t ]
Example: to stop = stopped - você falará [stopt]                  to pass = passed [passt]
to cough = coughed = [cought]  to fix = fixed [fixt]    to wash = washed [washt]
to watch = watched [watcht]      

3) os demais verbos, o som do ED é [ d ]
Example: to plan = planned [pland]        to offer = offered = [offerd]     





PASSIVE VOICE

A voz passiva é um recurso utilizado quando queremos enfatizar a ação e não quem a fez (agente). É ainda utilizado quando o agente não for relevante.

Na passagem da voz ativa para a voz passiva ocorrem as seguintes transformações:
a) O objeto da voz ativa torna-se o sujeito da voz passiva.
b) O verbo TO BE (sempre constante na voz passiva) é usado no tempo em que estiver o verbo principal na voz ativa.

c) O verbo principal da voz ativa é sempre usado no particípio passado na voz passiva.
d) Quando o sujeito da voz ativa for um subject pronoun ( I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they), o agente da passiva correspondente a ele será um object pronoun (me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them).


TENSE
ACTIVE VOICE
PASSIVE VOICE
Simple Present
He lends money.
Money is lent by him.
Simple Past
He lent money.
Money was lent by him.
Simple Future
He will lend money.
Money will be lent by him.
Present Continuous
She is lending money.
Money is being lent by her.
Past Continuous
She was lending money.
Money was being lent by her.
Immediate Future
We are going to lend money.
Money is going to be lent by us.
Present Perfect
We have lent money.
Money has been lent by us.
Past Perfect
They had lent money.
Money had been lent by them.
Conditional
You would lend money.
Money would be lent by you.
Conditional Perfect
You would have lent money.
Money would have been lent by you.

VOZ PASSIVA COM DOIS OBJETOS (INDIRETO E DIRETO)

Quando o verbo da oração na voz ativa for transitivo direto e indireto, haverá duas formas de transformar essa oração para a voz passiva:
Active voice: They give this right to you.
(this right - direct object) (you - indirect object)

Passive voice 1: This right is given to you.
Passive voice 2: You are given this right.
O agente da passiva, neste caso, geralmente é omitido. Exemplo:
She asked a question to him.

Passive voice 1: A question was asked to him.
Passive voice 2: He was asked a question.
Verbos mais comuns que apresentam dois objetos: answer, ask, call, give, make, pay, promise, refuse, send, show, teach.

Voz passiva com PHRASAL VERBS:
Ø The man would cut off Antonio's hair. (active voice)
Ø Antonio's hair would be cut off (by the man). (passive voice)

Ø The jury is listening to Portia attentively.(active voice)
Ø Portia is being listened to attentively by the jury.(passive voice)

= verb TO BEAR - (bore - born) -= nascer, gerar, dar a luz, parir- normalmente aparece na Passive Voice.
e.g.: I was born in 1980.     They were born in Italy.
        Many babies are born in this hospital every year.




= No inglês informal usamos 'get' em vez de 'be' quando algo acontece, aconteceu ou acontecerá com alguém ou algo. 


e.g.: There was an accident but nobody got hurt.
         The cat always gets scared when the dog barks.


Na língua inglesa não há voz passiva analítica ou sintética, pois o procedimento gramatical é o mesmo.



Notice:
1. Quando o agente da voz passiva em uma oração isolada não for mencionado e tivermos de passar esta oração para a voz ativa, deveremos empregar um sujeito:
Passive voice: Those ships were destroyed.
Active voice: Somebody - Someone - Something destroyed those ships.
Passive voice: That castle was built in 1580.
Active voice: Somebody-Someone-They built that castle in 1580.

2. A voz passiva é usada também em algumas expressões comuns da língua inglesa:
Active voice: People say that he is rich.
Passive voice: It is said that he is rich.
Passive voice: He is said to be rich.

Active voice: Everybody thinks that she sings well.
Passive voice: It is thought that she sings well.
Passive voice: She is thought to sing well.

Active voice: They suppose that we help the poor.
Passive voice: It is supposed that we help the poor.
Passive voice: We are supposed to help the poor.


REPORTED SPEECH - INTRODUCTION


LESSON 7
http://www.englishcafe.com/blog/reported-speech-introduction-19272

LESSON 8
http://youtu.be/AfqKoBwIiJU

LESSON 9
http://youtu.be/iLUhWd9T6Vc


LESSON 10
http://youtu.be/kuhxObndp38

LESSON 11
http://youtu.be/RUOzoWlrJUU

LESSON 12
http://youtu.be/2seA0Ee7hkU

LESSON 13
http://youtu.be/jLvmp9-K9Jc


LESSON 14
http://youtu.be/Y3IboSUkOvk

LESSON 15
http://youtu.be/AfqKoBwIiJU

LESSON 16
http://youtu.be/FVhpXezRPSI



IF CLAUSE (CONDITIONALS)
Trabalhamos com períodos compostos, constituídos de MAIN CLAUSE e uma oração dependente IF CLAUSE.
Situações que usamos IF CLAUSE:
1) Nos referimos a verdades universais, leis da natureza.
if clause = Simple Present main clause= Simple Present
· If I take off the pen, it drops.
· The ice melts if you heat it.
2) Nos referimos a uma condição possível, real ou seja algo que inevitavelmente acontecerá.
if clause= Simple Present main clause= Simple Future (will)
· If she takes a taxi, she will get there in time.
· Paul will go if we invite him to the party.
3) Nos referimos a uma condição hipotética, possível, mas pouco provável (present unreal).
e.g.: I want to buy a new house. I don't have enough money.
Então usando IF CLAUSE, dizemos:
if clause = Simple Past main clause = conditional (would), ou as
vezes podemos usar (could)
· If I had money, I would buy a new house.
The weather is not nice. Susan will not go to the club.
· Susan would go to the club if the weather were nice.
4) Nos referimos a uma condição não=realizada no passado, isto é, algo teria acontecido se um fato tivesse ocorrido, mas não aconteceu. Ou algo não teria acontecido se um fato não tivesse ocorrido, mas aconteceu.
if clause = Past Perfect main clause= would have + past participle
e.g.: We didn't invite Jane. She didn't go to the party.
· If we had invited Jane, she would have gone to the party.
e.g.: She didn't feel well. She couldn't do the test.
· She could have done the test if she had felt well.
5) Usando progressive tense:
if clause + progressive tense main clause= conditional
· If it weren't raining now, I would go for a walk.
if clause + progressive perfect tense main clause = conditional perfect
· If it hadn't been raining yesterday, I would have gone for a walk.

6) Usando modals (can, could, must, might)
· If you want to, you can go.
· If I were a bird, I could fly very high.
· If Peter lied, he must be punished.
· If you had studied, you might have got better grades.
7) Usando imperative.
· If you like the book, take it.
· If you are in trouble, call me.
· If you don't believe me, go and ask her.
8) Há casos que a condição é implícita, não aparecendo a conjunção IF, Geralmente usamos conjunções como: BUT, HOWEVER, etc...
· I would lend you the money, but right now I don't have it.
( If I had the money, I would lend it to you)

9) Além da conjunção IF, podemos usar também:
Ø unless: The Stones will come to dinner unless Mr. Stone has other plans.
Susan won't come unless you invite her.
Ø whether or not: Susan will come whether or not you invite her.
I will go swimming whether or not it rains.

A palavra WHETHER pode ser usada sem ser em IF CLAUSE, tendo como tradução a mesma tradução de IF:
Ø She didn't decide whether she gets married.

10) Sujeito e verbo invertidos na IF CLAUSE:
Had Daniel patience, he wouldn't shout me.
(If Daniel had patience, he wouldn't shout me)

RECUPERAÇÃO - EXTRA MATERIAL - EXERCISES AND EXPLANATION













Assinar: Postagens (Atom)